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CDS Exam Preparation

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About CDS Exam

CDS stands for Combined Defence Services Examination. It is an examination series conducted by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) to recruit candidates for the Defence sectors of the country.

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This exam is conducted for various positions & patterns for each exam is different. Know more detailed info about the CDS exam below.

CDS Exam Pattern

The commission offers the CDS exam semi-annually, and these exams are held for admission into the INA, IMA, AFA, and OTA. T

CDS Exam Pattern Highlights

Exam Mode Offline
Total Number of sectionsin the examination Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, and Air Force Academy – 3

Officers’ Training Academy – 2
Language Hindi and English
Total Duration of test 2 hours (120 minutes) for each subject of the test
Total Marks INA, AFA and IMA – 300 marks

OTA- 200 marks
Type of questions Objective type – Multiple choice questions (MCQs)
Exam Mode Offline exam

CDS Exam Pattern – Marking Scheme

  1. The CDS examination is a multiple-choice question test.
  2. Negative marking is applicable for every incorrect answer or multiple answers to one question.
  3. For each incorrect answer or multiple answers to one question, 0.33 marks will be deducted.
  4. No marks are deducted for unanswered questions.

The following shows the marking scheme of the exam.

CDS Marking Scheme for IMA, INA, and AFA

CDS Paper English GK Mathematics
Maximum Marks 100 100 100
Marks for Correct answer For every correct answer 1 mark will be awarded For every correct answer 1 mark will be awarded For every correct answer 1 mark will be awarded
Negative marking For each wrong answer -0.33 marks will be deducted For each wrong answer -0.33 marks will be deducted For each wrong answer -0.33 marks will be deducted
CDS Marking Scheme for Officers’ Training Academy

The following shows the Marking scheme for OTA

CDS Paper English GK
Maximum Marks 100 marks 100 marks
Marks for Correct answers For every correct answer 1 mark will be awarded For every correct answer 1 mark will be awarded
Negative marking For each wrong answer -0.33 marks will be deducted For each wrong answer -0.33 marks will be deducted

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CDS Exam Question Paper Pattern

The examination contains 3 sections: General Knowledge, Elementary Mathematics, and English. Each Section has 100 marks. The time duration is 120 minutes (2 hours).

Sections/ Subjects Total Duration Max. Marks
General Knowledge 2 Hours (120 minutes) 100 marks
Elementary Mathematics 2 Hours (120 minutes) 100 marks
English 2 Hours (120 minutes) 100 marks

Officers’ Training Academy CDS Exam Pattern

The paper for OTA does not include the Elementary Mathematics subject.

Subject Duration Marks
English 2 Hours (120 minutes) 100 marks
General Knowledge 2 Hours (120 minutes) 100 marks

Standard of the Questions

  1. The Elementary Mathematics paper will be of metric level. The level adopted for other subjects will be set according to the graduation level of any University recognized by the government.
  2. English: The questions will be drafted to test the candidates’ understanding of the language and how fluent the candidate is in English
  3. General Knowledge: GK includes knowledge of current affairs and everyday experience and observation. The paper will contain questions on Geography and Indian History.

CDS Selection Process

The Selection Process of CDS has two stages. They are:

Stage 1 – Written exam

Stage 2 – SSB Interview

CDS – examination pattern of the Written Test

The CDS – examination pattern is prescribed by UPSC. The written exam contains 2 parts:

  1. For INA, AFA, and IMA the written exam has 3 sections – General Knowledge, Elementary Mathematics, and English
  2. For OTA the exam consists of 2 sections – General Knowledge and English

English Reading Skill

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Unlock Exclusive Access To  English Reading Test Course Materials. 

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Developing English reading skills is crucial for improving your overall language proficiency and understanding of written texts, Whether you’re reading for academic, professional, or personal reasons.

Strategies to help you enhance your English reading skills:

1. Read Regularly: The more you read, the better you become at it. Make reading a daily habit. Start with materials that match your current proficiency level, and gradually work your way up to more challenging texts.

2. Choose Varied Materials: Read a wide range of materials, including books, newspapers, magazines, academic articles, blogs, and literature. Different types of texts expose you to various styles, vocabulary, and content.

3. Set Goals: Define your reading goals. Are you reading for leisure, education, or professional development? Knowing your purpose can help you select relevant materials.

4. Vocabulary Expansion: Keep a vocabulary journal to note down unfamiliar words and their meanings. Make an effort to learn new words and phrases, and practice using them in sentences.

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5. Context Clues: When encountering unknown words, try to understand their meaning through the context of the sentence or passage. This is an important skill for improving reading comprehension.

6. Use Dictionaries and Translation Tools: Online dictionaries and translation tools can help you quickly look up the meanings of words or phrases you don’t understand. However, don’t rely on them too heavily; try to figure out word meanings from context first.

7. Annotation: Mark up your reading materials with notes, highlights, and comments. This can help you engage with the text, improve comprehension, and remember key points.

8. Read Aloud: Reading aloud can improve both your reading and pronunciation skills. It helps reinforce your understanding of the text and how sentences are structured.

9. Join a Book Club or Discussion Group: Participating in book clubs or discussion groups allows you to read and discuss books or articles with others. It’s an excellent way to share insights and get different perspectives on the material.

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10. Summarize: After reading a section or an article, summarize what you’ve read in your own words. This reinforces your understanding and retention of the material.

11. Practice Speed Reading: Speed reading techniques can help you read faster while maintaining comprehension. There are various resources and courses available to develop this skill.

12. Grammar and Syntax: Pay attention to sentence structure, grammar, and syntax. Understanding how sentences are constructed is essential for comprehension.

13. Reading Comprehension Exercises: Engage in reading comprehension exercises or practice tests. Many language learning platforms offer reading comprehension exercises to help you improve your skills.

14. Read in Context: Understanding the cultural, historical, or social context of what you’re reading can provide valuable insights. Research the background of the material when necessary.

15. Seek Feedback: If possible, ask a fluent English speaker or a language tutor to provide feedback on your reading skills. They can help identify areas for improvement and suggest specific strategies.

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Remember that improving your English reading skills is a gradual process, and it may take time to see significant progress.

Be patient with yourself and stay committed to consistent practice. Over time, your ability to understand and enjoy English texts will greatly improve.

MBA FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES

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Pursuing an MBA in a foreign country can be a rewarding experience, offering the opportunity to gain international exposure, access to a diverse network, and exposure to different business practices. 

Studying for an MBA in a foreign country is a significant decision, and thorough research and planning are essential.

Here are some key points to consider for MBA abroad:
  1. Choosing the Destination: Research various countries and business schools to find the best fit for your career goals, budget, and lifestyle. Popular destinations for international MBA programs include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and various European countries.   
  2. Accreditation: Ensure that the business school you choose is accredited and recognized internationally. Accreditation from organizations like AACSB, EQUIS, and AMBA is often a good sign of quality.
  3. Program Duration: MBA programs abroad can vary in length. Traditional full-time MBA programs are typically two years, while one-year and part-time programs are also available.
  4. Admission Requirements: Be prepared for a competitive application process. Admission requirements may include standardized tests like the GMAT or GRE, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and an interview.   
  5. Cost and Financial Aid: Consider the cost of tuition, living expenses, and exchange rates. Research scholarships, grants, and financial aid options, as well as opportunities for part-time work during your studies.
  6. Visa Requirements: Investigate the visa requirements of your chosen country, as they can vary significantly. Ensure that you have the necessary documentation to study abroad.
  7. Language Proficiency: Many MBA programs are offered in English, but you may need to demonstrate your proficiency in the language through exams like the TOEFL or IELTS.   
  8. Work Opportunities: Research post-MBA work opportunities, including the availability of post-study work visas. Some countries make it easier for international students to work and stay after graduation.
  9. Networking: International MBA programs provide an excellent opportunity to build a global network. Consider the strength of the alumni network and the connections the business school has with the industry.
  10. Cultural Adaptation: Be prepared for cultural differences and a potentially different style of education. Cultural adaptation is a crucial aspect of studying abroad.
  11. Return on Investment: Evaluate the potential return on investment for your MBA. Consider the earning potential, career opportunities, and your ability to repay any student loans. 
  12. Immigration and Employment Regulations: Keep up to date with the immigration regulations and employment opportunities in your chosen country. These can change, so it’s essential to stay informed.
  13. Application Timelines: Plan well in advance and follow the application timelines of your chosen business schools. Deadlines for applications, scholarships, and visas are important to meet.

The Indian-American rift ever widens

GENERAL STUDIES & GK, News Update, Uncategorized

The Indian-American rift ever widens

Here are 5 reasons why:
  1. Joe Biden saying no to attending India’s Republic Day Parade.
  2. The US making a big fuss over the Khalistani radical, Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, in the recently concluded 2+2 ministerial dialogue between the two countries.
  3. India continuing to buy oil from Russia and growing ever closer to a country which is arguably America’s number one enemy.
  4. India and China mending their dispute, which is not to America’s liking.
  5. India keeping its options open regarding the 100+ jet aircraft that it has to buy from abroad, which again irks America.

1. In 2023, India’s Republic Day parade fell on 26 January. The US President’s State of the Union (SOTU) address to the US Congress fell on 7 February, 2023. In 2024, India’s Republic Day parade will fall on January 26. In 2024, the SOTU is slated for February or March. There really should be no conflict between the parade and the address.

Modi had extended the chief guest invite to Biden during the G-20 summit in November. Biden sat over the invite. It’s only now that we have learnt that Emmanuel Macron is coming. He was extended the invite and he accepted within the day.

India has awarded its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, to only two foreigners—Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan and Nelson Mandela of South Africa. These are steep hills to climb for any foreigner. In lieu of the Bharat Ratna, India felicitates foreign leaders by calling them to the Republic Day parade. It’s a military parade, yet Nobel Peace Laureate Barack Obama chose to attend it in 2015. He was looking to sell US arms to India then.

So if you want to be friends with India, you don’t reject an honour such as being the chief guest at the parade, unless you want to miff the Indians. Perhaps Biden has some other meetings lined up, but so must have Macron. Macron is not a small leader. Certainly the Indians are not happy about Biden saying no and will in all likelihood hesitate to call him again in case he wins reelection. That means a US president could go about 15 years before being invited to India’s prestigious parade. This is certainly not how friends treat each other.

2. Pannun is a US citizen. The US cares about the lives of its citizens. But what if that citizen promotes the ethnic cleansing of Hindus in Canada as Pannun has done? What if he dares to down Indian civilian planes and storm our new Parliament, really a bastion of our democracy? I saw a state-run bus in Canada with a placard imploring Khalistanis to kill 50,000 Hindus.

Arindam Bagchi, the spokesperson of India’s Ministry of External Affairs, has said that India has constituted a high-level commission of inquiry to go into the US allegations over the alleged foiled plot on Pannun, but he added that it was Khalistani separatism and terrorism in the US and Canada that was of greater concern to India. The US is not treating India like a strategic partner here, like it would treat the UK. The breach between the US and India widens.

3. As if the above was not enough, India continues to buy Russian oil. This irks the US no end. India saved $2.7 billion in the first three quarters of 2023 by buying Russian oil compared to what it would have paid if it had bought Iraqi oil (which is of similar quality to Russian crude) instead.

Putin has showered plaudits on Modi for his US-independent policy in buying oil. S Jaishankar has called Russia an all-weather friend of India which has been there to save India at its times of need. How can India be allies with two visceral enemies, the US and Russia? India has shown that if push comes to shove, it will choose Moscow over Washington.

4. Galwan—the clash between India and China—happened in 2020. The US must have hoped that the situation would escalate. But India and China are deescalating. The Quad focuses on the Indo-Pacific but India’s navy is not strong enough to take on the Chinese one. The US perhaps hopes that if war comes to China, say over Taiwan, then India would attack China from up north in Ladakh. That may be a pipedream. India may not get involved in any war at all. Plus it is best friends with Russia and so is Russia with China, so Russia can be expected to pull India and China apart in case of a scuffle between them.

5. India has to buy some 100 fighter jets from abroad. When Modi visited the US in June, it seemed that the US had sewn up the deal. But that is not the case. India is still talking to the French and the Russians. That must make the Americans see red.

All in all, India and the US are not moving closer but moving apart.

Source:- Times of India